Geodesy
Maps and scales
Distances and areas on maps and on the ground.
Geodesy
Ground distance from map
L = lM / 100→GeodesyMap distance from ground
l = 100L / M→GeodesyMap scale denominator
M = L / l→GeodesyGround area from map
S = sM² / 10 000→GeodesyMap area from ground
s = 10 000S / M²→GeodesyScale from distances in the same units
n = L / l→GeodesyGround distance without unit conversion
L = nl→GeodesyPlan distance without unit conversion
l = L / n→GeodesyScale accuracy
m = 0.0001n→GeodesySlope from rise and run
i = h / L→GeodesyRise from slope
h = iL→