Physics

Refraction and polarization

Snell's law, critical angle, Malus's law and Brewster angle.

Physics

Refracted angle from Snell's law

β = arcsin(n₁ sin α / n₂)→
Physics

Critical angle for total internal reflection

α꜀ = arcsin(n₂/n₁)→
Physics

Intensity from Malus's law

I = I₀ cos² α→
Physics

Brewster angle

αᴮ = arctan(n₂/n₁)→